Who can overturn laws passed by Congress?

The ability to overturn laws passed by Congress is primarily held by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has the authority to interpret the Constitution and determine whether a law is constitutional or not. If the Court finds that a law violates the Constitution, it can declare that law null and void. This process is known as judicial review, which was established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803.

The roles of other entities like the President, state governors, and federal courts are defined differently within the framework of government. The President can veto legislation, which can prevent a law from taking effect; however, Congress can override that veto. State governors may have authority over state laws but do not have the power to override federal laws passed by Congress. Federal courts, while part of the judicial system, typically handle cases arising in their jurisdictions and would apply or interpret the law, rather than having the broad power to overturn laws like the Supreme Court does.