What rights does the First Amendment protect?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is a foundational element of American civil liberties, specifically protecting several key freedoms that are vital to a democratic society. These include the freedom of speech, which allows individuals to express their thoughts and opinions without government interference; freedom of religion, which guarantees the right to practice any religion or none at all; freedom of the press, which protects the media's ability to report news and express opinions freely; the right to assemble peacefully, allowing individuals to gather for demonstrations or protests; and the right to petition the government for redress of grievances, enabling citizens to make complaints or seek assistance from the government.

This combination of rights ensures that citizens can engage in open dialogue, practice their beliefs, and advocate for change without fear of repression, forming the cornerstone of a functioning democracy. Other options mentioned, while important rights, pertain to different amendments or legal principles outside the specific scope of the First Amendment.